CVE-2023-3825

highpriority · track · 30EPSS 0.008 · 55 %ileEURUUS

grimoire priorityP2 · Scheduled

Exploitable?

—

no known exploitation

Likely / severe?

0.76% (55th) EPSS

CVSS 7.5 · high

Is it mine?

5 products

Check your exposure

Who says so?

5 sources

cnnvd · enisa_euvd · fstec_bdu · cisa_csaf_ot

EPSS · scored 2026-10-28

PTC’s KEPServerEX Versions 6.0 to 6.14.263 are vulnerable to being made to read a recursively defined object that leads to uncontrolled resource consumption. KEPServerEX uses OPC UA, a protocol which defines various object types that can be nested to create complex arrays. It does not implement a check to see if such an object is recursively defined, so an attack could send a maliciously created message that the decoder would try to decode until the stack overflowed and the device crashed.

remediations

Vendor fix, mitigation, or workaround guidance, as published by each source.

A vendor fix is available.

FixedKEPServercisa_csaf_ot
Rockwell automation recommends that users upgrade to KEPServer Version 6.15 or higher.
MitigationKEPServerEXcisa_csaf_ot
PTC wishes to inform users that the attack vector leveraged during the research involved an un-authenticated OPC UA Client. Standard controls available in the product and outlined in the Secure Deployment guide are sufficient to mitigate this vulnerability. Please refer to this article for additional details.
https://www.ptc.com/en/support/article/CS397286
MitigationKEPServercisa_csaf_ot
Rockwell Automation also encourages users using the affected software to apply the following risk mitigations, if possible.

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

7.5

010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode⚠ sources disagree · medium–high · 6.9–7.5

v3.17.5highCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 3.9 · impact 3.6

v3.07.5highCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · CISA US

v3.17.5highCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · ENISA EU

v3.17.5highCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov USexploitability 3.9 · impact 3.6

v3.16.9mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:Usecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)

v3.17.5highAV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · FSTEC (BDU) RU

v3.17.5highCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · CISA US

ssvc

A stakeholder decision — act, attend, or track — from exploitation and impact.

Trackcoordinatorcisa_ssvcUS

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

CWE-787USprimaryCWE-400USCWE-400USCWE-400US

affected products (5)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

Rockwell Automation KEPServer: >=6.0|<=6.14.263all versionscisa_csaf_otUS
Rockwell Automation KEPServer6.0| → 6.14.263cisa_csaf_otUS
PTC KEPServerEX≤ 6.0 ≤6.14.263enisa_euvdEU
PTC Kepware KEPServerEX6.0 → 6.14.263fstec_bduRU
kepware kepserverex6.0.0 → 6.14.263nvdUScpe:2.3:a:kepware:kepserverex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

advisories (2)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

ICSA-23-208-02PTC KEPServerEX2023-07-27icsa · cisa_csaf_otUS
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could result in the affected device crashing.
ICSA-25-030-04Rockwell Automation KEPServer2025-01-30icsa · cisa_csaf_otUS
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could cause the device to crash.

also known as (5)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

cnnvd enisa_euvd fstec_bdu cisa_csaf_ot nvd NVD CVE.org MITRE

published 2023-07-31modified 2026-06-17

related (16,140)

Related entries.

ID	severity	EPSS	exploitable	published
CVE-2026-111497US	—OT critical	88.0% (100th)	KEV	2026-10-22
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the Brotli decoder (c/dec/decode.c) in Google Brotli versions 1.0.3 through 1.2.0 on all platforms allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to co…
CVE-2026-86950US	—OT critical	26.2% (98th)	KEV	2026-09-28
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.11 and iPadOS 18.7.11, iOS 26.7.1 and iPadOS 26.7.1, macOS Sequoia 15.8.1,…
CVE-2026-87491US	—OT critical	3.51% (89th)	KEV	2026-09-09
Out of bounds write in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security…
CVE-2026-53362US	—OT critical	0.71% (53rd)	KEV	2026-07-04
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: account for fraggap on the paged allocation path In __ip6_append_data(), when the paged-allocation branc…
CVE-2026-53266US	—OT critical	0.93% (61st)	KEV	2026-06-25
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: bridge: make ebt_snat ARP rewrite writable The ebtables SNAT target keeps the Ethernet source addre…

+16135 more

references (4)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

https://cxsecurity.com/cveshow/CVE-2023-3825/cnnvd
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-208-02 cnnvd
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-208-02 enisa_euvd
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-208-02Third Party AdvisoryUS Government Resourcenvd

scry

Attackers weaponise vulnerabilities like this against internet-exposed services. See what is exposed on your perimeter with a free passive scan.

Free scan