CVE-2026-65595
highpriority · track · 35EPSS 0.007 · 53 %ileEUUSEPSS · scored 2026-10-27
n8n before 2.30.1 and 2.29.8 assigns all Public API key scopes to JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module regardless of the acting user's role. On instances where the Token Exchange feature and Public API are enabled, a low-privileged user who can obtain a valid external JWT trusted by a configured issuer can use the resulting access token to invoke administrator-only Public API operations such as role escalation, user creation, and user deletion (role escalation requires an Advanced Permissions license), and, when unverified Community Package installation is enabled, achieve remote code execution.
cvss
Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.
base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode⚠ sources disagree · medium–high · 6–8.9
ssvc
A stakeholder decision — act, attend, or track — from exploitation and impact.
weaknesses
The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.
affected products (6)
Products and version ranges known to be affected.
advisories (1)
Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.
- GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52hn8n: Privilege Escalation and Code Execution via Full Public API Key Scope Assignment to Token Exchange JWTs2026-07-22ghsa · osvUS
## Impact JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module were assigned all Public API key scopes, regardless of the acting user's actual role. A low-privileged user who could obtain a valid external JWT trusted by a configured issuer could therefore use the resulting access token to invoke administrator-only Public API operations, such as role escalation, user creation, and user deletion. The issue only affects instances where the Token Exchange feature and the Public API are enabled (N8N_TOKEN_EXCHANGE_ENABLED=true, N8N_ENV_FEAT_TOKEN_EXCHANGE=true) and the attacker can obtain an external JWT accepted by a configured trusted key. Role escalation additionally requires an Advanced Permissions license; Community Package installation additionally requires `N8N_COMMUNITY_PACKAGES_ENABLED=true` and `N8N_UNVERIFIED_PACKAGES_ENABLED=true`. ## Patches The issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.30.1 and 2.29.8. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability. ## Workarounds If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: - Disable the Token Exchange feature by setting `N8N_TOKEN_EXCHANGE_ENABLED=false` or `N8N_ENV_FEAT_TOKEN_EXCHANGE=false`. - If Token Exchange cannot be disabled, restrict Public API access at the network level to trusted clients only. - Disable unverified Community Package installation by setting `N8N_UNVERIFIED_PACKAGES_ENABLED=false` to eliminate the code execution path. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
also known as (4)
Other names and identifiers for this entity.
sources
Which sources assert this record, and when.
references (6)
External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.
- https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52hcnnvd
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-privilege-escalation-via-token-exchangecnnvd
- https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52henisa_euvd
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-privilege-escalation-via-token-exchangeenisa_euvd
- https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52hMitigationVendor Advisorynvd
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-privilege-escalation-via-token-exchangeThird Party Advisorynvd
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