CVE-2026-54770

## Summary This is a third follow-up to **CVE-2024-42353 / GHSA-mg3v-6m49-jhp3** and **CVE-2026-44889 / GHSA-fh3h-vg37-cc95**. WebOb makes the `Location` header absolute when it serves a redirect. To stop a relative or protocol-relative target from redirecting users off-host, it checks the value for a URI scheme and for a leading `//`, then joins it against the request URI with `urllib.parse.urljoin()`. The previous fix additionally stripped ASCII tab/CR/LF from the value before those checks. However, on Python 3.10+ `urllib.parse.urljoin()` (via `urlsplit()`) does more than remove tab/CR/LF: **it also strips leading and trailing C0 control characters (`U+0000`–`U+001F`) and spaces from the URL before parsing it.** Because WebOb's guard checks (`SCHEME_RE` and `startswith("//")`) run against the *un-stripped* value, a single leading space or control byte slips past them, and `urljoin()` then silently removes that byte and parses what remains as a protocol-relative — or even absolute — URL. The result is an open redirect to an attacker-controlled host. ## Details `Response._make_location_absolute()` (in `src/webob/response.py`) performed, prior to the fix: ```python value = value.replace("\t", "").replace("\r", "").replace("\n", "") if SCHEME_RE.search(value): # ^[a-z]+: -> already absolute, return as-is return value if value.startswith("//"): # neutralize protocol-relative URLs value = f"/%2f{value[2:]}" new_location = urlparse.urljoin(_request_uri(environ), value) ``` Consider the Location value `" //www.example.com/test"` (a single leading space): 1. The explicit strip only removes `\t`, `\r`, `\n` — the leading **space** survives. 2. `SCHEME_RE` (`^[a-z]+:`) does **not** match — the value starts with a space. 3. `value.startswith("//")` is **False** — the value starts with a space, not `/`. The `//` → `/%2f` neutralization is skipped. 4. `urllib.parse.urljoin(_request_uri(environ), " //www.example.com/test")` then **strips the leading space** before parsing, sees `//www.example.com/test`, treats it as protocol-relative, and returns `http://www.example.com/test`. The same bypass works with a value such as `" https://www.example.com/test"` (leading space + a full scheme): `SCHEME_RE` does not match the space-prefixed string, but `urljoin()` strips the space and returns the fully absolute attacker URL `https://www.example.com/test`. Any C0 control character works equally well in place of the space, e.g. `"\x00//www.example.com/test"` or `"\x1f//www.example.com/test"`, because `urlsplit()` strips the whole leading C0-control-and-space run. ### Affected entry points - **`Response.location`** — any application that sets a relative/attacker-influenced `Location` and serves the response (the classic redirect path). - **`Request.relative_url()`** — used `urllib.parse.urljoin()` directly and was subject to the same character stripping. - **`webob.exc._HTTPMove` subclasses** (`HTTPMovedPermanently`, `HTTPFound`, `HTTPSeeOther`, `HTTPTemporaryRedirect`, `HTTPPermanentRedirect`, etc.) — these built their absolute Location with `urlparse.urljoin(req.path_url, self.location)` **without** going through `_make_location_absolute()` at all, so they bypassed even the tab/CR/LF strip and the `//` → `/%2f` neutralization. A protocol-relative location passed to e.g. `HTTPFound(location="//evil.example")` redirected off-host. ## Proof of Concept ```python from webob import Response from webob.request import Request res = Response() res.status = "301" res.location = " //www.example.com/test" # note the single leading space req = Request.blank("/") # request host is "localhost" print(req.get_response(res).location) # Vulnerable (<= 1.8.10): http://www.example.com/test <-- open redirect # Fixed: http://localhost/ //www.example.com/test ``` Absolute-URL variant: ```python res.location = " https://www.example.com/test" # Vulnerable: https://www.example.com/test <-- off-host # Fixed: http://localhost/ https://www.example.com/test ``` Via the HTTP exceptions: ```python from webob import exc environ = { "wsgi.url_scheme": "http", "SERVER_NAME": "localhost", "SERVER_PORT": "80", "REQUEST_METHOD": "HEAD", "PATH_INFO": "/", } m = exc.HTTPFound(location="//www.example.com/test") m(environ, lambda *a, **k: None) print(m.location) # Vulnerable: //www.example.com/test <-- open redirect # Fixed: http://localhost/%2fwww.example.com/test ``` ## Impact An unauthenticated remote attacker who controls (in whole or part) the redirect target of an application built on WebOb can redirect a user from a trusted host to an attacker-controlled host. This enables phishing and credential-theft campaigns that abuse the trusted origin, and can be chained with OAuth/SSO `redirect_uri` flows to leak tokens. Exploitation requires user interaction (following the redirect). Confidentiality and integrity impact are limited (`L`); the scope is changed (`C`) because the trust boundary of the originating site is crossed. ## Patches Fixed by replacing the use of `urllib.parse.urljoin()` with WebOb's own RFC 3986 reference-resolution implementation, `webob.util.urljoin()`, which resolves the reference **exactly as given, character for character, with no whitespace or control-character removal**. - `Response._make_location_absolute()` now uses `webob.util.urljoin()`. - `Request.relative_url()` now uses `webob.util.urljoin()`. - `webob.exc._HTTPMove` now normalizes its Location through the same `_make_location_absolute()` code path as `Response`, so protocol-relative and whitespace-smuggled locations are neutralized there too. Users should upgrade to the patched release. There are no API changes. ## Workarounds - Only ever set the `Location` header / redirect target to a fully-qualified URI whose host you control, or strictly allowlist redirect destinations before handing them to WebOb. - Reject any redirect target that does not begin with `https://yourhost/` (or a validated relative path with no leading whitespace/control bytes). ## References - This advisory: GHSA-6hx8-3wjj-gr8g - GHSA-fh3h-vg37-cc95 (CVE-2026-44889) — second incomplete fix (tab/CR/LF) - GHSA-mg3v-6m49-jhp3 (CVE-2024-42353) — original open redirect fix - RFC 3986, Section 5 — Reference Resolution: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-5 - Python `urllib.parse` URL stripping behavior (CPython 3.10+, removal of leading and trailing C0 control and space characters): https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html To report a vulnerability to the Pylons Project please take a look at: - Pylons Project security policy and reporting process: https://github.com/Pylons/.github/blob/main/SECURITY.md - Security contact (private, coordinated disclosure): `pylons-project-security@googlegroups.com` (the Pylons Project requests a 90-day disclosure embargo) ## Credit Reported via the Pylons Project security mailing list by: - **tonghuaroot** — for the residual open redirect in `Response._make_location_absolute()`: the 1.8.10 fix stripped only ASCII tab/CR/LF, but `urllib.parse.urljoin()` also strips leading C0 control and space characters, so values such as `" //attacker.example/path"` (and `" https://attacker.example/path"`) still escaped off-host. - **Matheus Polkorny** — for identifying that the `webob.exc._HTTPMove` redirect exceptions (`HTTPFound` and friends) performed their own `urllib.parse.urljoin()` normalization and never went through `_make_location_absolute()`, so a protocol-relative location such as `//evil.example/path/` redirected off-host through that separate code path.

## Summary This is a third follow-up to **CVE-2024-42353 / GHSA-mg3v-6m49-jhp3** and **CVE-2026-44889 / GHSA-fh3h-vg37-cc95**. WebOb makes the `Location` header absolute when it serves a redirect. To stop a relative or protocol-relative target from redirecting users off-host, it checks the value for a URI scheme and for a leading `//`, then joins it against the request URI with `urllib.parse.urljoin()`. The previous fix additionally stripped ASCII tab/CR/LF from the value before those checks. However, on Python 3.10+ `urllib.parse.urljoin()` (via `urlsplit()`) does more than remove tab/CR/LF: **it also strips leading and trailing C0 control characters (`U+0000`–`U+001F`) and spaces from the URL before parsing it.** Because WebOb's guard checks (`SCHEME_RE` and `startswith("//")`) run against the *un-stripped* value, a single leading space or control byte slips past them, and `urljoin()` then silently removes that byte and parses what remains as a protocol-relative — or even absolute — URL. The result is an open redirect to an attacker-controlled host. ## Details `Response._make_location_absolute()` (in `src/webob/response.py`) performed, prior to the fix: ```python value = value.replace("\t", "").replace("\r", "").replace("\n", "") if SCHEME_RE.search(value): # ^[a-z]+: -> already absolute, return as-is return value if value.startswith("//"): # neutralize protocol-relative URLs value = f"/%2f{value[2:]}" new_location = urlparse.urljoin(_request_uri(environ), value) ``` Consider the Location value `" //www.example.com/test"` (a single leading space): 1. The explicit strip only removes `\t`, `\r`, `\n` — the leading **space** survives. 2. `SCHEME_RE` (`^[a-z]+:`) does **not** match — the value starts with a space. 3. `value.startswith("//")` is **False** — the value starts with a space, not `/`. The `//` → `/%2f` neutralization is skipped. 4. `urllib.parse.urljoin(_request_uri(environ), " //www.example.com/test")` then **strips the leading space** before parsing, sees `//www.example.com/test`, treats it as protocol-relative, and returns `http://www.example.com/test`. The same bypass works with a value such as `" https://www.example.com/test"` (leading space + a full scheme): `SCHEME_RE` does not match the space-prefixed string, but `urljoin()` strips the space and returns the fully absolute attacker URL `https://www.example.com/test`. Any C0 control character works equally well in place of the space, e.g. `"\x00//www.example.com/test"` or `"\x1f//www.example.com/test"`, because `urlsplit()` strips the whole leading C0-control-and-space run. ### Affected entry points - **`Response.location`** — any application that sets a relative/attacker-influenced `Location` and serves the response (the classic redirect path). - **`Request.relative_url()`** — used `urllib.parse.urljoin()` directly and was subject to the same character stripping. - **`webob.exc._HTTPMove` subclasses** (`HTTPMovedPermanently`, `HTTPFound`, `HTTPSeeOther`, `HTTPTemporaryRedirect`, `HTTPPermanentRedirect`, etc.) — these built their absolute Location with `urlparse.urljoin(req.path_url, self.location)` **without** going through `_make_location_absolute()` at all, so they bypassed even the tab/CR/LF strip and the `//` → `/%2f` neutralization. A protocol-relative location passed to e.g. `HTTPFound(location="//evil.example")` redirected off-host. ## Proof of Concept ```python from webob import Response from webob.request import Request res = Response() res.status = "301" res.location = " //www.example.com/test" # note the single leading space req = Request.blank("/") # request host is "localhost" print(req.get_response(res).location) # Vulnerable (<= 1.8.10): http://www.example.com/test <-- open redirect # Fixed: http://localhost/ //www.example.com/test ``` Absolute-URL variant: ```python res.location = " https://www.example.com/test" # Vulnerable: https://www.example.com/test <-- off-host # Fixed: http://localhost/ https://www.example.com/test ``` Via the HTTP exceptions: ```python from webob import exc environ = { "wsgi.url_scheme": "http", "SERVER_NAME": "localhost", "SERVER_PORT": "80", "REQUEST_METHOD": "HEAD", "PATH_INFO": "/", } m = exc.HTTPFound(location="//www.example.com/test") m(environ, lambda *a, **k: None) print(m.location) # Vulnerable: //www.example.com/test <-- open redirect # Fixed: http://localhost/%2fwww.example.com/test ``` ## Impact An unauthenticated remote attacker who controls (in whole or part) the redirect target of an application built on WebOb can redirect a user from a trusted host to an attacker-controlled host. This enables phishing and credential-theft campaigns that abuse the trusted origin, and can be chained with OAuth/SSO `redirect_uri` flows to leak tokens. Exploitation requires user interaction (following the redirect). Confidentiality and integrity impact are limited (`L`); the scope is changed (`C`) because the trust boundary of the originating site is crossed. ## Patches Fixed by replacing the use of `urllib.parse.urljoin()` with WebOb's own RFC 3986 reference-resolution implementation, `webob.util.urljoin()`, which resolves the reference **exactly as given, character for character, with no whitespace or control-character removal**. - `Response._make_location_absolute()` now uses `webob.util.urljoin()`. - `Request.relative_url()` now uses `webob.util.urljoin()`. - `webob.exc._HTTPMove` now normalizes its Location through the same `_make_location_absolute()` code path as `Response`, so protocol-relative and whitespace-smuggled locations are neutralized there too. Users should upgrade to the patched release. There are no API changes. ## Workarounds - Only ever set the `Location` header / redirect target to a fully-qualified URI whose host you control, or strictly allowlist redirect destinations before handing them to WebOb. - Reject any redirect target that does not begin with `https://yourhost/` (or a validated relative path with no leading whitespace/control bytes). ## References - This advisory: GHSA-6hx8-3wjj-gr8g - GHSA-fh3h-vg37-cc95 (CVE-2026-44889) — second incomplete fix (tab/CR/LF) - GHSA-mg3v-6m49-jhp3 (CVE-2024-42353) — original open redirect fix - RFC 3986, Section 5 — Reference Resolution: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-5 - Python `urllib.parse` URL stripping behavior (CPython 3.10+, removal of leading and trailing C0 control and space characters): https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html To report a vulnerability to the Pylons Project please take a look at: - Pylons Project security policy and reporting process: https://github.com/Pylons/.github/blob/main/SECURITY.md - Security contact (private, coordinated disclosure): `pylons-project-security@googlegroups.com` (the Pylons Project requests a 90-day disclosure embargo) ## Credit Reported via the Pylons Project security mailing list by: - **tonghuaroot** — for the residual open redirect in `Response._make_location_absolute()`: the 1.8.10 fix stripped only ASCII tab/CR/LF, but `urllib.parse.urljoin()` also strips leading C0 control and space characters, so values such as `" //attacker.example/path"` (and `" https://attacker.example/path"`) still escaped off-host. - **Matheus Polkorny** — for identifying that the `webob.exc._HTTPMove` redirect exceptions (`HTTPFound` and friends) performed their own `urllib.parse.urljoin()` normalization and never went through `_make_location_absolute()`, so a protocol-relative location such as `//evil.example/path/` redirected off-host through that separate code path.