CVE-2026-47140

criticalpriority · track · 0EPSS 0.010 · 62 %ileDEEUUS
grimoire priorityP2 · Scheduled
Exploitable?
—
no known exploitation
Likely / severe?
0.98% (62nd) EPSS
CVSS 10 · critical
Is it mine?
4 products
Check your exposure
Who says so?
4 sources
cnnvd · enisa_euvd · cert_bund · osv

EPSS · scored 2026-10-27

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.4, NodeVM blocks several dangerous Node.js builtins such as module, worker_threads, cluster, vm, repl, and inspector. However, the denylist misses process and inspector/promises. Both can be used from sandboxed code to reach host-side execution primitives. This allows sandboxed code to bypass the intended builtin restrictions and execute code in the host process. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.4.

01

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

10.0
010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode

v3.110criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:Hsecondary · ENISA EU
v3.110criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:Hsecondary · security-advisories@github.comexploitability 3.9 · impact 6
v3.110criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:Hsecondary · OSV
v3.19.1criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:Usecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)
02

ssvc

A stakeholder decision — act, attend, or track — from exploitation and impact.

Exploitation: poc · Automatable: yes · Technical Impact: totalcoordinatorcisa_ssvcUS
03

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

04

affected products (4)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

05

advisories (2)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

  • WID-SEC-W-2026-1583vm2: Mehrere SchwachstellenDeutsch2026-05-18csaf · cert_bundDE

    Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in vm2 ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten zu manipulieren und vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen.

  • GHSA-rp36-8xq3-r6c4NodeVM builtin denylist bypass via process and inspector/promises allows host code execution2026-05-29ghsa · osvUS

    ## Summary `NodeVM` blocks several dangerous Node.js builtins such as `module`, `worker_threads`, `cluster`, `vm`, `repl`, and `inspector`. However, the denylist misses `process` and `inspector/promises`. Both can be used from sandboxed code to reach host-side execution primitives. This allows sandboxed code to bypass the intended builtin restrictions and execute code in the host process. ## Details The dangerous builtin denylist is defined in `lib/builtin.js`. This list does not include: ```text process inspector/promises ``` Non-denied builtins are exposed to the sandbox through: ```js builtins.set(key, special ? special : vm => vm.readonly(hostRequire(key))); ``` Because of this, sandboxed code can bypass the expected restrictions in two ways: 1. `require('process').getBuiltinModule('child_process')` reloads `child_process`, even when `child_process` is excluded. 2. `require('inspector/promises')` exposes the Inspector protocol and can call `Runtime.evaluate` in the host process. ## PoC Tested on: ```text vm2: 3.11.2 Node.js: v25.9.0 ``` Run from the vm2 repository root: ```bash node poc/dangerous-builtin-denylist-rce.js ``` [dangerous-builtin-denylist-rce.js](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/27570113/dangerous-builtin-denylist-rce.js) The PoC first confirms the intended restrictions work: ```text require("inspector"): BLOCKED require("child_process"): BLOCKED ``` Then it bypasses them: ```text require("process").getBuiltinModule("child_process").execFileSync(...) ``` This spawns a host child process. It also confirms: ```text require("inspector/promises").Session().post("Runtime.evaluate", ...) ``` This evaluates JavaScript in the host process. <img width="858" height="766" alt="Screenshot 2026-05-10 at 11 53 33 AM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7614aecb-5ffd-4c41-bfe8-e1fcb3b1bb59" /> ## Impact An attacker who can run untrusted JavaScript inside `NodeVM` with affected builtin settings can escape the sandbox and execute arbitrary code in the host process. This can lead to full compromise of the application process, including reading files, writing files, spawning processes, and accessing host environment secrets. (This is not reachable with the default NodeVM configuration where require is disabled or no affected builtins are allowed. It affects applications that allow process, inspector/promises, or the wildcard "*" in require.builtin.) ## Suggested fix Add `process` and `inspector/promises` to the dangerous builtin blocklist. Also consider blocking dangerous builtin families by prefix, for example blocking both: ```text inspector inspector/* ``` instead of only exact module names.

06

also known as (3)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

07

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

published 2026-06-12modified 2026-10-26
08

references (9)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

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