CVE-2026-44990
criticalpriority · track · 0EPSS 0.007 · 52 %ileEUUSEPSS · scored 2026-10-27
ApostropheCMS is an open-source Node.js content management system, and sanitize-html provides a simple HTML sanitizer with a clear API. Under the default configuration, versions of `sanitize-html` prior to 2.17.4 can turn attacker-controlled content inside a disallowed `xmp` element into live HTML or JavaScript. This is a sanitizer bypass in the default `disallowedTagsMode: 'discard'` path and can lead to stored XSS in applications that render sanitized output back to users. Version 2.17.4 patches the issue.
cvss
Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.
base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode⚠ sources disagree · high–critical · 8.1–9.3
ssvc
A stakeholder decision — act, attend, or track — from exploitation and impact.
weaknesses
The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.
affected products (2)
Products and version ranges known to be affected.
advisories (1)
Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.
- GHSA-rpr9-rxv7-x643Apostrophe has default XSS via `xmp` raw-text passthrough in `sanitize-html`2026-05-14ghsa · osvUS
### Summary Under the default configuration, `sanitize-html` can turn attacker-controlled content inside a disallowed `xmp` element into live HTML or JavaScript. This is a sanitizer bypass in the default `disallowedTagsMode: 'discard'` path and can lead to stored XSS in applications that render sanitized output back to users. ### Details In `sanitize-html@2.17.3`, the default `nonTextTags` list includes only `script`, `style`, `textarea`, and `option` in `index.js` lines 138-142. That means disallowed `xmp` tags are not treated as "drop the entire contents" tags. Later, in the `ontext` handler at `index.js` lines 569-577, the code special-cases `textarea` and `xmp` and appends their text content directly to the output without escaping: ```js } else if ((options.disallowedTagsMode === 'discard' || options.disallowedTagsMode === 'completelyDiscard') && (tag === 'textarea' || tag === 'xmp')) { result += text; } ``` Because `htmlparser2` treats `xmp` as a raw-text element, markup inside `xmp` is parsed as text on input but becomes live markup again once it is appended unescaped to the sanitized output. This creates a default sanitizer bypass. For example, a disallowed `<xmp>` wrapper can be used to smuggle `<script>` or event-handler payloads through sanitization. The README also appears to contradict the implementation. In the "Discarding the entire contents of a disallowed tag" section, the documented exception list names only `style`, `script`, `textarea`, and `option`, and does not mention `xmp`. ### PoC Tested locally against `sanitize-html@2.17.3` on Node.js `v25.2.1`. 1. Install the package: ```bash npm install sanitize-html ``` 2. Run the following script: ```js const sanitizeHtml = require('sanitize-html'); console.log(sanitizeHtml('<xmp><script>alert(1)</script></xmp>')); console.log(sanitizeHtml('<xmp><img src=x onerror=alert(1)></xmp>')); console.log(sanitizeHtml('<xmp><svg><script>alert(1)</script></svg></xmp>')); ``` 3. Observed output: ```html <script>alert(1)</script> <img src=x onerror=alert(1)> <svg><script>alert(1)</script></svg> ``` 4. Render any of the returned strings in a browser context that trusts `sanitize-html` output, for example: ```js const dirty = '<xmp><script>alert(1)</script></xmp>'; const clean = sanitizeHtml(dirty); ``` If `clean` is inserted into the DOM or stored and later rendered as trusted HTML, the attacker-controlled script executes. ### Impact This is a cross-site scripting vulnerability in the default sanitizer behavior. Any application that uses `sanitize-html` defaults and then renders the returned HTML as trusted output is impacted. A remote attacker who can submit HTML content can trigger execution of arbitrary JavaScript in another user's browser when that content is viewed.
also known as (3)
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sources
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references (33)
External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.
- https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe/security/advisories/GHSA-rpr9-rxv7-x643cnnvd
- https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe/security/advisories/GHSA-rpr9-rxv7-x643enisa_euvd
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36882nvd
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36883nvd
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:40262nvd
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:41031nvd
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:41055nvd
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:41064nvd
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