CVE-2026-44572
mediumpriority · track · 24EPSS 0.003 · 21 %ileDEEURUUSEPSS · scored 2026-10-26
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 12.2.0 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, an external client could send a x-nextjs-data header on a normal request to a path handled by middleware that returns a redirect. When that happened, the middleware/proxy could treat the request as a data request and replace the standard Location redirect header with the internal x-nextjs-redirect header. Browsers do not follow x-nextjs-redirect, so the response became an unusable redirect for normal clients. If the application was deployed behind a CDN or reverse proxy that caches 3xx responses without varying on this header, a single attacker request could poison the cached redirect response for the affected path. Subsequent visitors could then receive a cached redirect response without a Location header, causing a denial of service for that redirect path until the cache entry expired or was purged. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.16 and 16.2.5.
cvss
Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.
base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode⚠ sources disagree · low–medium · 3.7–5.9
ssvc
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weaknesses
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affected products (13)
Products and version ranges known to be affected.
advisories (2)
Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.
- WID-SEC-W-2026-1401Vercel Next.js: Mehrere SchwachstellenDeutsch2026-05-06csaf · cert_bundDE
Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Vercel Next.js ausnutzen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen, Cross-Site-Scripting-Angriffe durchzuführen, Daten zu manipulieren, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen.
- GHSA-3g8h-86w9-wvmqNext.js's Middleware / Proxy redirects can be cache-poisoned2026-05-11ghsa · osvUS
### Impact Next.js uses the `x-nextjs-data` request header for internal data requests. On affected versions, an external client could send this header on a normal request to a path handled by middleware that returns a redirect. When that happened, the middleware/proxy could treat the request as a data request and replace the standard `Location` redirect header with the internal `x-nextjs-redirect` header. Browsers do not follow `x-nextjs-redirect`, so the response became an unusable redirect for normal clients. If the application was deployed behind a CDN or reverse proxy that caches 3xx responses without varying on this header, a single attacker request could poison the cached redirect response for the affected path. Subsequent visitors could then receive a cached redirect response without a `Location` header, causing a denial of service for that redirect path until the cache entry expired or was purged. ### Affected scenarios This affects applications that: - use middleware or proxy redirects - are deployed behind a caching CDN or reverse proxy - allow 3xx responses on those paths to be cached without differentiating internal data requests from normal requests ### Fix The fix stops trusting `x-nextjs-data` by itself for middleware redirect handling. A request is now treated as an internal data request only when it is validated as such by internal routing state, preserving legitimate data-request redirect behavior while preventing external header injection from changing normal redirect responses. ### Workarounds Before upgrading, users can reduce risk by: - configuring the CDN or reverse proxy to vary its cache key on `x-nextjs-data` for affected responses
also known as (4)
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sources
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references (4)
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