CVE-2025-66565

## Summary Critical security vulnerabilities exist in both the `UUIDv4()` and `UUID()` functions of the `github.com/gofiber/utils` package. When the system's cryptographic random number generator (`crypto/rand`) fails, both functions silently fall back to returning predictable UUID values, the zero UUID `"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"`. This compromises the security of all Fiber applications using these functions for security-critical operations on **Go versions prior to 1.24**. **Both functions are vulnerable to the same root cause (`crypto/rand` failure):** * `UUIDv4()`: Indirect vulnerability through `uuid.NewRandom()` → `crypto/rand.Read()` → fallback to `UUID()` * `UUID()`: Direct vulnerability through `crypto/rand.Read(uuidSeed[:])` → silent zero UUID return > **Note:** Go 1.24 and later panics on `crypto/rand` `Read()` failures, mitigating this vulnerability. Applications running on Go 1.24+ are not affected by the silent fallback behavior. --- ## Vulnerability Details ### Affected Functions * **Package**: `github.com/gofiber/utils` * **Functions**: `UUIDv4()` and `UUID()` * **Return Type**: `string` (both functions) * **Locations**: `common.go:93-99` (UUIDv4), `common.go:60-89` (UUID) ### Technical Description The vulnerability occurs through two related but distinct failure paths, both ultimately caused by `crypto/rand.Read()` failures on Go < 1.24: #### Primary Path: UUIDv4() Vulnerability 1. `UUIDv4()` calls `google/uuid.NewRandom()` which internally uses `crypto/rand.Read()` 2. If `uuid.NewRandom()` fails, `UUIDv4()` falls back to the internal `UUID()` function 3. **No error is returned to the application** - silent security failure occurs #### Secondary Path: UUID() Vulnerability 1. `UUID()` directly calls `crypto/rand.Read(uuidSeed[:])` to seed its internal state 2. If seeding fails, `UUID()` **silently fails** and returns the zero UUID `"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"` 3. Applications receive predictable UUIDs with no indication of the security failure --- ### Code Analysis #### UUIDv4() Vulnerability Path ```go func UUIDv4() string { token, err := uuid.NewRandom() // Uses crypto/rand.Read() internally if err != nil { return UUID() // Dangerous fallback - no error returned to application } return token.String() } ``` #### UUID() Vulnerability Path ```go func UUID() string { uuidSetup.Do(func() { if _, err := rand.Read(uuidSeed[:]); err != nil { // Direct crypto/rand.Read() call return // Silent failure - no seeding, uuidCounter remains 0 } uuidCounter = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(uuidSeed[:8]) }) if atomic.LoadUint64(&uuidCounter) <= 0 { return "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000" // Zero UUID returned silently } // ... generate UUID from counter } ``` **Root Cause:** Both vulnerabilities stem from `crypto/rand.Read()` failures, occurring through different code paths with the same dangerous silent fallback behavior. --- ## Security Impact ### Severity: CRITICAL This issue is especially severe because many Fiber middleware packages (session, CSRF, auth, rate-limit, request-ID, etc.) default to `utils.UUIDv4()` for generating security-sensitive identifiers. A failure in `crypto/rand` would cause **every generated identifier across the entire application** to collapse to a single predictable value (the zero UUID), resulting in: * **Session fixation / universal session hijack** * **CSRF token predictability and bypass** * **Authentication token replay** * **Global identifier collisions leading to severe application breakage** * **Potential application-wide DoS** due to every request using the same “unique” key, causing cache overwrites, session stomping, corrupted internal maps, and loss of isolation across all users --- ### Attack Scenario While **entropy exhaustion is extremely rare on modern Linux systems**, *RNG access failures* (e.g., restricted `/dev/random` or `/dev/urandom` access, broken container environments, sandbox restrictions, misconfigured VMs, or FIPS-mode RNG failures) are realistic. In these scenarios on **Go < 1.24**, `crypto/rand` may return errors immediately — triggering the vulnerable fallback paths. On **Go 1.24+**, `crypto/rand` `Read()` panics on failure, mitigating the silent-zero fallback issue. --- ### Proof of Concept 1. `uuid.NewRandom()` fails (indirect `crypto/rand.Read()` failure) 2. `UUIDv4()` calls `UUID()` as fallback with no error returned 3. `UUID()` seeding fails directly via `crypto/rand.Read(uuidSeed[:])` 4. Zero UUID `"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"` is returned silently 5. No error is propagated to the application from either function --- ## Affected Versions * All versions of `github.com/gofiber/utils` containing the `UUIDv4()` or `UUID()` functions * Applications using Fiber middleware that depend on `UUIDv4()` or `UUID` for security * **Only applicable to Go < 1.24**; Go 1.24+ panics/block on `crypto/rand` `Read()` failures and is not affected --- ## Mitigation ### Immediate Workaround Replace usage of `utils.UUIDv4()` with `uuid.New()` or wait for fix: ```go sessionID := uuid.New() ``` ### Recommended Fix Modify `utils.UUIDv4()` and `utils.UUID()` to fail explicitly when cryptographic randomness is unavailable: ```go func UUIDv4() string { token, err := uuid.NewRandom() if err != nil { panic(fmt.Sprintf("utils: failed to generate secure UUID: %v", err)) } return token.String() } func UUID() string { uuidSetup.Do(func() { if _, err := rand.Read(uuidSeed[:]); err != nil { panic(fmt.Sprintf("utils: failed to seed UUID generator: %v", err)) } uuidCounter = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(uuidSeed[:8]) }) if atomic.LoadUint64(&uuidCounter) <= 0 { panic("utils: UUID generator not properly seeded") } // ... generate UUID from counter } ``` --- ## Detection Applications can detect if they're affected by: 1. Checking if they use `github.com/gofiber/utils` 2. Searching for `UUIDv4()` and `UUID()` usage in security-critical code paths 3. Reviewing Fiber middleware configurations that rely on defaults of `UUIDv4()` for security identifiers --- ## References * **Package Repository**: [https://github.com/gofiber/utils](https://github.com/gofiber/utils) * **Fiber Framework**: [https://github.com/gofiber/fiber](https://github.com/gofiber/fiber) * **Google UUID Library**: [https://github.com/google/uuid](https://github.com/google/uuid) * Golang `crypto/rand` behavior changes: [golang/go#66821](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/66821), [Go 1.25.5 source](https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/refs/tags/go1.25.5:src/crypto/rand/rand.go;l=80) --- ## Contact Reported by: [@sixcolors](https://github.com/sixcolors) --- ## Classification * **OWASP**: A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures * **Impact**: Complete compromise of application security model on Go < 1.24 * **Exploitability**: Medium (requires entropy failure) * **Scope**: All Fiber applications using affected middleware on Go < 1.24

Fiber Utils UUIDv4 and UUID Silent Fallback to Predictable Values in github.com/gofiber/utils