CVE-2025-32441

mediumpriority · track · 17EPSS 0.002 · 15 %ileEURUUS
grimoire priorityP3 · Track
Exploitable?
—
no known exploitation
Likely / severe?
0.24% (15th) EPSS
CVSS 4.2 · medium
Is it mine?
51 products
Check your exposure
Who says so?
4 sources
cnnvd · enisa_euvd · fstec_bdu · osv

EPSS · scored 2026-10-27

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to version 2.2.14, when using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session. Rack session middleware prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store with possible changes applied by host rack application. This way the session becomes to be a subject of race conditions in general sense over concurrent rack requests. When using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, and provided the attacker can acquire a session cookie (already a major issue), the session may be restored if the attacker can trigger a long running request (within that same session) adjacent to the user logging out, in order to retain illicit access even after a user has attempted to logout. Version 2.2.14 contains a patch for the issue. Some other mitigations are available. Either ensure the application invalidates sessions atomically by marking them as logged out e.g., using a `logged_out` flag, instead of deleting them, and check this flag on every request to prevent reuse; or implement a custom session store that tracks session invalidation timestamps and refuses to accept session data if the session was invalidated after the request began.

01

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

4.2
010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode⚠ sources disagree · low–medium · 3.9–4.2

v3.14.2mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:Nprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 1.6 · impact 2.5
v3.14.2mediumAV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:Nsecondary · FSTEC (BDU) RU
v3.14.2mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:Nsecondary · ENISA EU
v3.14.2mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:Nsecondary · security-advisories@github.comexploitability 1.6 · impact 2.5
v3.14.2mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:Nsecondary · OSV
v3.13.9lowCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:Usecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)
02

ssvc

A stakeholder decision — act, attend, or track — from exploitation and impact.

Trackcoordinatorcisa_ssvcUS
03

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

04

affected products (51)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

05

advisories (1)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

  • GHSA-vpfw-47h7-xj4gRack session gets restored after deletion2025-05-08ghsa · osvUS

    ### Summary When using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session. ### Details [Rack session middleware](https://github.com/rack/rack/blob/v2.2.13/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb#L263-L270) prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store with possible changes applied by host rack application. This way the session becomes to be a subject of race conditions in general sense over concurrent rack requests. ### Impact When using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, and provided the attacker can acquire a session cookie (already a major issue), the session may be restored if the attacker can trigger a long running request (within that same session) adjacent to the user logging out, in order to retain illicit access even after a user has attempted to logout. ## Mitigation - Update to the latest version of `rack`, or - Ensure your application invalidates sessions atomically by marking them as logged out e.g., using a `logged_out` flag, instead of deleting them, and check this flag on every request to prevent reuse, or - Implement a custom session store that tracks session invalidation timestamps and refuses to accept session data if the session was invalidated after the request began. ### Related As this code was moved to `rack-session` in Rack 3+, see <https://github.com/rack/rack-session/security/advisories/GHSA-9j94-67jr-4cqj> for the equivalent advisory in `rack-session` (affecting Rack 3+ only).

06

also known as (4)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

07

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

published 2025-05-07modified 2026-06-17
08

references (11)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

scry

Attackers weaponise vulnerabilities like this against internet-exposed services. See what is exposed on your perimeter with a free passive scan.

Free scan