CVE-2025-12044

highpriority · track · 0EPSS 0.005 · 45 %ileDEEURUUS
grimoire priorityP2 · Scheduled
Exploitable?
—
no known exploitation
Likely / severe?
0.53% (45th) EPSS
CVSS 7.5 · high
Is it mine?
30 products
Check your exposure
Who says so?
5 sources
cnnvd · enisa_euvd · fstec_bdu · osv

EPSS · scored 2026-10-27

Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.

01

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

7.5
010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode⚠ sources disagree · medium–high · 6.9–7.5

v3.17.5highAV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · FSTEC (BDU) RU
v3.17.5highCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · ENISA EU
v3.17.5highCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · security@hashicorp.comexploitability 3.9 · impact 3.6
v3.17.5highCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:Hsecondary · OSV
v3.16.9mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:Usecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)
02

ssvc

A stakeholder decision — act, attend, or track — from exploitation and impact.

Exploitation: none · Automatable: yes · Technical Impact: partialcoordinatorcisa_ssvcUS
03

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

CWE-770USCWE-770USCWE-770US
04

affected products (30)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

showing 20 of 30
05

advisories (4)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

  • WID-SEC-W-2025-2396Hashicorp Vault: Mehrere SchwachstellenDeutsch2025-10-23csaf · cert_bundDE

    Ein entfernter, authentisierter oder anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Hashicorp Vault ausnutzen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen oder einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu erzeugen.

  • GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wfHashicorp Vault and Vault Enterprise vulnerable to a denial of service when processing JSON2025-10-23ghsa · osvUS

    Vault and Vault Enterprise ("Vault") are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.

  • BIT-vault-2025-12044Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression2025-10-28vendor · osvUS

    Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.

  • GO-2025-4071Hashicorp Vault and Vault Enterprise vulnerable to a denial of service when processing JSON in github.com/hashicorp/vault2025-10-30vendor · osvUS

    Hashicorp Vault and Vault Enterprise vulnerable to a denial of service when processing JSON in github.com/hashicorp/vault

06

also known as (7)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

07

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

cnnvdenisa_euvdfstec_bduosvcert_bundNVDCVE.orgMITRE
published 2025-10-23modified 2026-10-18
08

references (5)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

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