CVE-2023-40015

mediumpriority · track · 21EPSS 0.005 · 42 %ileEUUS
grimoire priorityP3 · Track
Exploitable?
—
no known exploitation
Likely / severe?
0.49% (42nd) EPSS
CVSS 5.3 · medium
Is it mine?
4 products
Check your exposure
Who says so?
4 sources
cnnvd · enisa_euvd · osv · nvd

EPSS · scored 2026-10-27

Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language. For the following (probably non-exhaustive) list of expressions, the compiler evaluates the arguments from right to left instead of left to right. `unsafe_add, unsafe_sub, unsafe_mul, unsafe_div, pow_mod256, |, &, ^ (bitwise operators), bitwise_or (deprecated), bitwise_and (deprecated), bitwise_xor (deprecated), raw_call, <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=, in, not in (when lhs and rhs are enums)`. This behaviour becomes a problem when the evaluation of one of the arguments produces side effects that other arguments depend on. The following expressions can produce side-effect: state modifying external call , state modifying internal call, `raw_call`, `pop()` when used on a Dynamic Array stored in the storage, `create_minimal_proxy_to`, `create_copy_of`, `create_from_blueprint`. This issue has not yet been patched. Users are advised to make sure that the arguments of the expression do not produce side effects or, if one does, that no other argument is dependent on those side effects.

01

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

5.3
010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode⚠ sources disagree · low–medium · 3.7–5.3

v3.15.3mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:Nprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 3.9 · impact 1.4
v3.13.7lowCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:Nsecondary · ENISA EU
v3.13.7lowCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:Nsecondary · security-advisories@github.comexploitability 2.2 · impact 1.4
v3.15.3mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:Nsecondary · OSV
v3.14.9mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:Usecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)
02

ssvc

A stakeholder decision — act, attend, or track — from exploitation and impact.

Trackcoordinatorcisa_ssvcUS
03

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

04

affected products (4)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

05

advisories (2)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

  • GHSA-g2xh-c426-v8mfVyper: reversed order of side effects for some operations2023-09-04ghsa · osvUS

    ### Impact For the following (probably non-exhaustive) list of expressions, the compiler evaluates the arguments from right to left instead of left to right. ``` - unsafe_add - unsafe_sub - unsafe_mul - unsafe_div - pow_mod256 - |, &, ^ (bitwise operators) - bitwise_or (deprecated) - bitwise_and (deprecated) - bitwise_xor (deprecated) - raw_call - <, >, <=, >=, ==, != - in, not in (when lhs and rhs are enums) ``` This behaviour becomes a problem when the evaluation of one of the arguments produces side effects that other arguments depend on. The following expressions can produce side-effect: - state modifying external call - state modifying internal call - `raw_call` - `pop()` when used on a Dynamic Array stored in the storage - `create_minimal_proxy_to` - `create_copy_of` - `create_from_blueprint` For example: ```Vyper f:uint256 @internal def side_effect() -> uint256: self.f = 12 return 1 @external def foo() -> uint256: return unsafe_add(self.f,self.side_effect()) # returns 13 instead of 1 ``` ```Vyper a:DynArray[uint256, 12] @external def bar() -> bool: self.a = [1,2,3] return len(self.a) == self.a.pop() # return false instead of true ``` ### Patches not yet patched, will address in a future release. tracking in https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/issues/3604. ### Workarounds When using expressions from the list above, make sure that the arguments of the expression do not produce side effects or, if one does, that no other argument is dependent on those side effects. ### References _Are there any links users can visit to find out more?_

  • PYSEC-2023-1672023-09-04vendor · osvUS

    Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language. For the following (probably non-exhaustive) list of expressions, the compiler evaluates the arguments from right to left instead of left to right. `unsafe_add, unsafe_sub, unsafe_mul, unsafe_div, pow_mod256, |, &, ^ (bitwise operators), bitwise_or (deprecated), bitwise_and (deprecated), bitwise_xor (deprecated), raw_call, <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=, in, not in (when lhs and rhs are enums)`. This behaviour becomes a problem when the evaluation of one of the arguments produces side effects that other arguments depend on. The following expressions can produce side-effect: state modifying external call , state modifying internal call, `raw_call`, `pop()` when used on a Dynamic Array stored in the storage, `create_minimal_proxy_to`, `create_copy_of`, `create_from_blueprint`. This issue has not yet been patched. Users are advised to make sure that the arguments of the expression do not produce side effects or, if one does, that no other argument is dependent on those side effects.

06

also known as (6)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

07

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

published 2023-09-04modified 2026-06-17
08

references (4)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

scry

Attackers weaponise vulnerabilities like this against internet-exposed services. See what is exposed on your perimeter with a free passive scan.

Free scan