CVE-2021-44528

mediumpriority · track · 25EPSS 0.042 · 91 %ileEUUS
grimoire priorityP3 · Track
Exploitable?
—
no known exploitation
Likely / severe?
4.18% (91st) EPSS
CVSS 5.8 · medium
Is it mine?
7 products
Check your exposure
Who says so?
4 sources
cnnvd · enisa_euvd · osv · nvd

EPSS · scored 2026-10-27

A open redirect vulnerability exists in Action Pack >= 6.0.0 that could allow an attacker to craft a "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.

01

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

6.1
010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode

v2.05.8mediumAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:Nprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 8.6 · impact 4.9
v3.16.1mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:Nprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 2.8 · impact 2.7
v3.16.1mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:Nsecondary · OSV
v3.16mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:Fsecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)
02

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

03

affected products (7)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

04

advisories (2)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

  • GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fcactionpack Open Redirect in Host Authorization Middleware2021-12-14ghsa · osvUS

    Specially crafted "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website. Impacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. For example, configuration files that look like this: ``` config.hosts << '.EXAMPLE.com' ``` When an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted Host header can be used to redirect to a malicious website. This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2021-22881 and CVE-2021-22942. Releases -------- The fixed releases are available at the normal locations. Patches ------- To aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for the two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a single changeset. * 6-0-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 6.0 series * 6-1-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 6.1 series * 7-0-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 7.0 series Please note that only the 6.1.Z, 6.0.Z, and 5.2.Z series are supported at present. Users of earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we cannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported releases.

  • BIT-rails-2021-445282024-03-06vendor · osvUS

    A open redirect vulnerability exists in Action Pack >= 6.0.0 that could allow an attacker to craft a "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.

05

also known as (5)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

06

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

published 2022-01-10modified 2026-06-17
08

references (10)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

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