CVE-2021-22942

mediumpriority · track · 25EPSS 0.017 · 77 %ileDEEUUS
grimoire priorityP3 · Track
Exploitable?
—
no known exploitation
Likely / severe?
1.70% (77th) EPSS
CVSS 5.8 · medium
Is it mine?
6 products
Check your exposure
Who says so?
5 sources
cnnvd · enisa_euvd · cert_bund · nvd

EPSS · scored 2026-10-27

A possible open redirect vulnerability in the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack >= 6.0.0 that could allow attackers to redirect users to a malicious website.

01

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

6.1
010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode

v2.05.8mediumAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:Nprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 8.6 · impact 4.9
v3.16.1mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:Nprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 2.8 · impact 2.7
v3.16.1mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:Nsecondary · OSV
v3.15.6mediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:Usecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)
02

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

03

affected products (6)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

04

advisories (2)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

  • WID-SEC-W-2023-0618Ruby on Rails: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Manipulation von DateienDeutsch2021-08-19csaf · cert_bundDE

    Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Ruby on Rails ausnutzen, um Dateien zu manipulieren.

  • GHSA-2rqw-v265-jf8cOpen Redirect in ActionPack2021-08-26ghsa · osvUS

    # Overview There is a possible open redirect vulnerability in the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2021-22942. Versions Affected: >= 6.0.0. Not affected: < 6.0.0 Fixed Versions: 6.1.4.1, 6.0.4.1 # Impact Specially crafted “X-Forwarded-Host” headers in combination with certain “allowed host” formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website. Impacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. For example, configuration files that look like this: ```ruby config.hosts << '.EXAMPLE.com' ``` When an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted Host header can be used to redirect to a malicious website. This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2021-22881, but CVE-2021-22881 did not take in to account domain name case sensitivity. # Releases The fixed releases are available at the normal locations. # Workarounds In the case a patch can’t be applied, the following monkey patch can be used in an initializer: ```ruby module ActionDispatch class HostAuthorization HOSTNAME = /[a-z0-9.-]+|\[[a-f0-9]*:[a-f0-9.:]+\]/i VALID_ORIGIN_HOST = /\A(#{HOSTNAME})(?::\d+)?\z/ VALID_FORWARDED_HOST = /(?:\A|,[ ]?)(#{HOSTNAME})(?::\d+)?\z/ private def authorized?(request) origin_host = request.get_header("HTTP_HOST")&.slice(VALID_ORIGIN_HOST, 1) || "" forwarded_host = request.x_forwarded_host&.slice(VALID_FORWARDED_HOST, 1) || "" @permissions.allows?(origin_host) && (forwarded_host.blank? || @permissions.allows?(forwarded_host)) end end end ```

05

also known as (3)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

06

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

published 2021-10-18modified 2026-06-17
08

references (15)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

scry

Attackers weaponise vulnerabilities like this against internet-exposed services. See what is exposed on your perimeter with a free passive scan.

Free scan