CVE-2016-2098

highpriority · attend · 68EPSS 0.814 · 100 %ileexploit · weaponizedEUUS

grimoire priorityP1 · Urgent

Exploitable?

Public exploit

14 exploits · weaponized

Likely / severe?

81.4% (100th) EPSS

CVSS 7.5 · high

Is it mine?

40 products

Check your exposure

Who says so?

4 sources

cnnvd · enisa_euvd · nvd · osv

EPSS · scored 2026-10-27

Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method.

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

7.5

010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode

v2.07.5highAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:Pprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 10 · impact 6.4

v3.07.3highCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:Lprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 3.9 · impact 3.4

v3.07.3highCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:Lsecondary · OSV

v3.07.3highCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:Hsecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

CWE-20USprimaryCWE-20US

exploits (14)

Public proof-of-concept and weaponised exploit code.

exploit/multi/http/rails_actionpack_inline_execRuby on Rails ActionPack Inline ERB Code Executionweaponized · metasploit
EDB-40086Ruby on Rails ActionPack Inline ERB - Code Execution (Metasploit)functional · exploit_db
0x00-0x00/CVE-2016-2098Ruby On Rails unrestricted render() exploitPoC · poc_in_github
3rg1s/CVE-2016-20983rg1s/CVE-2016-2098PoC · poc_in_github
Alejandro-MartinG/rails-PoC-CVE-2016-2098Proof of concept CVE-2016-2098PoC · poc_in_github
CyberDefenseInstitute/PoC_CVE-2016-2098_Rails42A PoC of CVE-2016-2098 (rails4.2.5.1 / view render)PoC · poc_in_github

affected products (40)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

n/a n/a≤ n/aenisa_euvdEU
debian debian linux= 8.0nvdUScpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.0nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.1nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.10nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.2nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.3nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.4nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.5nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.6nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.7nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.8nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.0.9nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.1.0nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.1.1nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.1.10nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.1.12nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.1.13nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.1.14nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails= 4.1.2nvdUScpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

showing 20 of 40

advisories (1)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

GHSA-78rc-8c29-p45gactionpack allows remote code execution via application's unrestricted use of render method2017-10-24ghsa · osvUS
Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method.

also known as (3)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

cnnvd enisa_euvd nvd osv NVD CVE.org MITRE

published 2016-04-07modified 2026-06-17

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+25193 more

references (36)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

scry

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