CVE-2012-0391

highpriority · act · 90OT risk · criticalKEV · exploitedEPSS 0.756 · 100 %ileexploit · weaponizedEURUUS

grimoire priorityP0 · Act now

Exploitable?

Yes · in the wild

CISA KEV · 3 exploits · weaponized

Likely / severe?

75.6% (100th) EPSS

CVSS 9.3 · high

Is it mine?

5 products

Check your exposure

Who says so?

5 sources

cnnvd · enisa_euvd · fstec_bdu · nvd

added 2022-01-21remediate by 2022-07-21

required action Apply updates per vendor instructions.

EPSS · scored 2026-10-27

Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

cvss

Technical severity, 0–10. One row per scoring source.

9.8

010

base score 0–10 · higher = more severe · hover a vector to decode⚠ sources disagree · high–critical · 9.3–9.8

v2.09.3highAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:Cprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 8.6 · impact 10

v3.19.8criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:Hprimary · NVD / NIST USexploitability 3.9 · impact 5.9

v2.09.3criticalAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:Csecondary · FSTEC (BDU) RU

v3.19.8criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:Hsecondary · ENISA EU

v3.19.8criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:Hsecondaryexploitability 3.9 · impact 5.9

v3.19.8criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:Hsecondary · OSV

v3.19.8criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:Hsecondary · CVSS-BT (t0sche)

ssvc

A stakeholder decision — act, attend, or track — from exploitation and impact.

Exploitation: active · Automatable: yes · Technical Impact: totalcoordinatorcisa_ssvcUS

weaknesses

The CWE weakness classes this flaw belongs to.

CWE-94USprimaryCWE-20USCWE-20USCWE-94US

exploits (3)

Public proof-of-concept and weaponised exploit code.

exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegatorApache Struts Remote Command Executionweaponized · metasploit
EDB-18329Apache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilitiesfunctional · exploit_db
EDB-18984Apache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)functional · exploit_db

affected products (5)

Products and version ranges known to be affected.

n/a n/a≤ n/aenisa_euvdEU
Apache Software Foundation Struts≤ 2.2.3.1fstec_bduRU
apache struts< 2.2.3.1nvdUScpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Maven org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core< 2.2.3.1osvUSpkg:maven/org.apache.struts.xwork/xwork-core
Maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core< 2.2.3.1osvUSpkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core

advisories (1)

Vendor and ecosystem advisories describing this.

GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92wApache Struts Remote Java Code Execution2022-05-04ghsa · osvUS
The `ExceptionDelegator` component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

also known as (4)

Other names and identifiers for this entity.

sources

Which sources assert this record, and when.

cnnvd enisa_euvd fstec_bdu nvd osv NVD CVE.org MITRE

published 2012-01-08modified 2026-06-16

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+10438 more

references (22)

External citations — patches, advisories, analysis.

scry

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