T1091 Replication Through Removable Media
EnterpriseAdversaries may move onto systems, possibly those on disconnected or air-gapped networks, by copying malware to removable media and taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and executes. In the case of Lateral Movement, this may occur through modification of executable files stored on removable media or by copying malware and renaming it to look like a legitimate file to trick users into executing it on a separate system. In the case of Initial Access, this may occur through manual manipulation of the media, modification of systems used to initially format the media, or modification to the media's firmware itself. Mobile devices may also be used to infect PCs with malware if connected via USB. This infection may be achieved using devices (Android, iOS, etc.) and, in some instances, USB charging cables. For example, when a smartphone is connected to a system, it may appear to be mounted similar to a USB-connected disk drive. If malware that is compatible with the connected system is on the mobile device, the malware could infect the machine (especially if Autorun features are enabled).
platforms
Platforms this applies to.
tactics
ATT&CK tactics this technique serves.
mitigations
ATT&CK mitigations that reduce this.
detected by (4)
Data components that detect this.
countered by (D3FEND)
D3FEND countermeasures that counter this.
NIST CSF 2.0 — areas of relevance (Protect / Detect)
NIST CSF 2.0 areas this most relates to (evidence-ranked).
- PR.DSData Securitymoderate · backed by 3 of 10 mapped controls
- PR.PSPlatform Securitymoderate · backed by 3 of 10 mapped controls
- DE.CMContinuous Monitoringmoderate · backed by 2 of 10 mapped controls
Derived from MITRE CTID (Apache-2.0) and the NIST 800-53 ↔ CSF crosswalk (public domain). Indicative relevance along the Protect/Detect axis — not a compliance assessment or coverage claim.
mitigating controls (10)
Security controls that mitigate this.
known-exploited CVEs (6)
Related CVEs.
| ID | severity | exploitable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-24991US | —OT critical | KEV | ||
Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. | ||||
| CVE-2025-24985US | —OT critical | KEV | ||
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Fast FAT Driver allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. | ||||
| CVE-2024-53197US | —OT critical | KEV | ||
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ALSA: usb-audio: Fix potential out-of-bound accesses for Extigy and Mbox devices
A bogus device can provide a… | ||||
| CVE-2024-53150US | high7.1OT critical | KEV | ||
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ALSA: usb-audio: Fix out of bounds reads when finding clock sources
The current USB-audio driver code doesn't… | ||||
| CVE-2024-53104US | high7.8OT critical | KEV | ||
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
media: uvcvideo: Skip parsing frames of type UVC_VS_UNDEFINED in uvc_parse_format
This can lead to out of boun… | ||||
| CVE-2024-50302US | medium5.5OT critical | KEV | ||
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
HID: core: zero-initialize the report buffer
Since the report buffer is used by all kinds of drivers in variou… | ||||
attack patterns (1)
CAPEC attack patterns that exploit this.
groups (8)
Threat groups associated with this.
software (20)
Malware and tools associated with this.
Detected by (Sigma) (1)
Sigma detection rules related to this.
source
Where this definition is published.