T1027 Obfuscated Files or Information

Enterprise

Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. Payloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted in order to avoid detection. These payloads may be used during Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. Sometimes a user's action may be required to open and Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information for User Execution. The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. Adversaries may also use compressed or archived scripts, such as JavaScript. Portions of files can also be encoded to hide the plain-text strings that would otherwise help defenders with discovery. Payloads may also be split into separate, seemingly benign files that only reveal malicious functionality when reassembled. Adversaries may also abuse Command Obfuscation to obscure commands executed from payloads or directly via Command and Scripting Interpreter. Environment variables, aliases, characters, and other platform/language specific semantics can be used to evade signature based detections and application control mechanisms.

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platforms

Platforms this applies to.

ESXiLinuxmacOSNetwork DevicesWindows
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tactics

ATT&CK tactics this technique serves.

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mitigations

ATT&CK mitigations that reduce this.

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NIST CSF 2.0 — areas of relevance (Protect / Detect)

NIST CSF 2.0 areas this most relates to (evidence-ranked).

Derived from MITRE CTID (Apache-2.0) and the NIST 800-53 ↔ CSF crosswalk (public domain). Indicative relevance along the Protect/Detect axis — not a compliance assessment or coverage claim.

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mitigating controls (8)

Security controls that mitigate this.

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known-exploited CVEs (5)

Related CVEs.

IDseverity exploitable
CVE-2022-24086UShigh10.0OT criticalKEV
Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.3-p1 (and earlier) and 2.3.7-p2 (and earlier) are affected by an improper input validation vulnerability during the checkout process. Exploitation of th…
CVE-2021-44077UScritical9.8OT criticalKEV
Zoho ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus before 11306, ServiceDesk Plus MSP before 10530, and SupportCenter Plus before 11014 are vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution. Thi…
CVE-2021-40449USmedium4.6OT criticalKEV
Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
CVE-2021-40539UScritical9.8OT criticalKEV
Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus version 6113 and prior is vulnerable to REST API authentication bypass with resultant remote code execution.
CVE-2010-2883UShigh7.3OT criticalKEV
Stack-based buffer overflow in CoolType.dll in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.4, and 8.x before 8.2.5 on Windows and Mac OS X, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary c…
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attack patterns (2)

CAPEC attack patterns that exploit this.

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groups (19)

Threat groups associated with this.

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software (142)

Malware and tools associated with this.

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Detected by (Sigma) (95)

Sigma detection rules related to this.

showing 20 of 95
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source

Where this definition is published.