CVE-2026-44490

Atlassian heeft kwetsbaarheden verholpen in diverse producten zoals Bamboo, Bitbucket, Confluence, Jira, Crowd en Fisheye. De kwetsbaarheden bevinden zich in diverse Third-Party producten waar eerder updates voor zijn verschenen. Atlassian heeft deze updates verwerkt in de eigen producten.

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Atlassian Bamboo, Bitbucket, Confluence, Fisheye, Crucible, Jira und Jira Service Management ausnutzen, um beliebigen Code auszuführen, erweiterte Berechtigungen zu erlangen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten zu manipulieren, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand auszulösen.

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Atlassian Bamboo, Atlassian Bitbucket, Atlassian Confluence, Atlassian Crucible, Atlassian Fisheye und Atlassian Jira ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, um Informationen offenzulegen, um Dateien zu manipulieren, um einen Cross-Site Scripting Angriff durchzuführen, um einen SQL-Injection Angriff durchzuführen, und um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM MQ Appliance ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) durchzuführen, Daten zu manipulieren, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder Denial-of-Service-Zustände herbeizuführen.

## Summary axios `1.15.2` exposes two read-side prototype-pollution gadgets. When `Object.prototype` is polluted by an upstream dependency in the same process (e.g. lodash `_.merge` / [CVE-2018-16487](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16487)), axios silently picks up the polluted values: 1. **Header injection** - `lib/utils.js` line 406 builds `merge()`'s accumulator as `result = {}`, so `result[targetKey]` (line 414) walks `Object.prototype` and the polluted bucket's own keys are copied into the merged headers and ride out on the wire. 2. **Crash DoS** - `lib/core/mergeConfig.js` line 26 builds the `hasOwnProperty` descriptor as a plain-object literal. `Object.defineProperty` reads `descriptor.get`/`descriptor.set` via the prototype chain, so a polluted `Object.prototype.get` or `Object.prototype.set` makes the call throw `TypeError` synchronously on every axios request. ## Affected Properties | Polluted slot | Effect | |---|---| | `Object.prototype.common` | injects headers on every method | | `Object.prototype.delete` / `.head` / `.post` / `.put` / `.patch` / `.query` | injects headers on the matching method | | `Object.prototype.get` | every axios request throws `TypeError: Getter must be a function` from `mergeConfig.js:26` | | `Object.prototype.set` | every axios request throws `TypeError: Setter must be a function` from `mergeConfig.js:26` | Per-request headers (`axios.request(url, { headers: {...} })`) overwrite polluted entries. Polluting `Object.prototype.get` triggers the crash before any header is built. ## Proof of Concept ```javascript const axios = require('axios'); // Finding A - header injection Object.prototype.common = { 'X-Poisoned': 'yes' }; await axios.get('http://api.example.com/users'); // Wire request carries `X-Poisoned: yes`. // Finding B - crash DoS Object.prototype.get = { something: 'anything' }; await axios.get('http://api.example.com/users'); // TypeError: Getter must be a function: #<Object> // at Function.defineProperty (<anonymous>) // at mergeConfig (lib/core/mergeConfig.js:26:10) ``` ## Impact - **Server hang** (`Content-Length: 99999`): receiver waits for a body that never arrives. Affects requests with a body. - **CL+TE conflict** (`Transfer-Encoding: chunked` rides alongside axios's auto `Content-Length`): receiver rejects with `400 Bad Request`. Affects requests with a body. - **Response suppression** (`If-None-Match: *`): receiver returns empty `304 Not Modified`. Affects GET / HEAD. - **Crash DoS** (`Object.prototype.get` / `.set`): every axios request fails synchronously with `TypeError`, not `AxiosError`, so handlers filtering on `error.isAxiosError` mishandle the failure. ## Attack Flow ```mermaid flowchart TD ROOT["Polluted Object.prototype<br/>via upstream gadget (e.g. lodash &lt;= 4.17.10 _.merge / CVE-2018-16487)<br/>axios &lt;= 1.15.2"] ROOT --> CLASS_A["A. Arbitrary HTTP Header Injection<br/>Polluted defaults.headers slot rides along on every outbound axios request"] ROOT --> CLASS_B["B. Crash DoS via Object.prototype.get / .set<br/>Polluted descriptor breaks Object.defineProperty in mergeConfig"] CLASS_A --> PRE_A["Precondition: header not set per-request by the app<br/>Injected via defaults.headers slot<br/>(common, delete, head, post, put, patch, query)"] PRE_A --> PA1["Response Suppression<br/>Trigger: common = {If-None-Match: *}<br/>Affects GET / HEAD"] PA1 --> SA1["DoS<br/>304 Not Modified empty"] PRE_A --> PA2["Server Hang<br/>Trigger: common = {Content-Length: 99999}<br/>Affects requests with body"] PA2 --> SA2["DoS<br/>connection hang"] PRE_A --> PA3["CL+TE Conflict<br/>Trigger: common = {Transfer-Encoding: chunked}<br/>Affects requests with body"] PA3 --> SA3["DoS<br/>400 Bad Request"] CLASS_B --> SB1["DoS<br/>TypeError: Getter / Setter must be a function<br/>Crashes every axios request, not only GET"] %% Styles style ROOT fill:#f87171,stroke:#991b1b,color:#fff style CLASS_A fill:#fb923c,stroke:#9a3412,color:#fff style CLASS_B fill:#fb923c,stroke:#9a3412,color:#fff style PRE_A fill:#e2e8f0,stroke:#64748b,color:#1e293b style PA1 fill:#fbbf24,stroke:#92400e,color:#000 style PA2 fill:#fbbf24,stroke:#92400e,color:#000 style PA3 fill:#fbbf24,stroke:#92400e,color:#000 style SA1 fill:#ef4444,stroke:#991b1b,color:#fff style SA2 fill:#ef4444,stroke:#991b1b,color:#fff style SA3 fill:#ef4444,stroke:#991b1b,color:#fff style SB1 fill:#ef4444,stroke:#991b1b,color:#fff ``` ## Root Cause **Finding A.** `lib/utils.js:404-429`'s `merge()` creates `result = {}` at line 406. The dangerous-keys filter on lines 408-411 blocks the write side, but the read at line 414 (`isPlainObject(result[targetKey])`) still walks the prototype chain. When `targetKey` matches a polluted slot, `result[targetKey]` returns the polluted nested object, and the recursive `merge(result[targetKey], val)` on line 415 iterates that object's own keys via `forEach` and copies them as own properties into the new accumulator. Those keys flow through `mergeConfig.js:35` → `Axios.js:148` (`utils.merge(headers.common, headers[config.method])`) → `Axios.js:155` (`AxiosHeaders.concat(...)`) → onto the wire via `http.js:677` (`headers: headers.toJSON()`) → `http.js:767` (`transport.request(options, ...)`). **Finding B.** `lib/core/mergeConfig.js:25` correctly makes `config = Object.create(null)`, but the descriptor passed on line 26 is a plain-object literal - its `get`/`set` lookups walk `Object.prototype`. A polluted non-function `Object.prototype.get` or `.set` makes `Object.defineProperty` throw `TypeError: Getter must be a function` (or `Setter must be a function`) before the call returns. The descriptor is built unconditionally on every `mergeConfig` invocation, so every axios request throws - POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, HEAD, QUERY, not only GET. ## Suggested Fix Use null-prototype objects in place of the plain-object literals at `lib/utils.js:406` and `lib/core/mergeConfig.js:26-31`. The same descriptor pattern recurs at `lib/core/AxiosError.js:37`, `lib/core/AxiosHeaders.js:100`, `lib/utils.js:447/454/492/498`, and `lib/adapters/adapters.js:28/32`. ## Resources - [CVE-2018-16487](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16487) - `lodash.merge` prototype pollution in `lodash <= 4.17.10` - [CWE-1321](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1321.html) - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes