GHSA-pr2w-4gpj-cpq4

Twig: Sandbox: multiple `__toString()` policy bypasses via unguarded string coercion points

### Description `SandboxNodeVisitor` enforces `SecurityPolicy::checkMethodAllowed()` for implicit `__toString()` calls by wrapping selected AST nodes in `CheckToStringNode`. The set of wrapped nodes is incomplete, and several Twig language constructs still trigger PHP string coercion on a `Stringable` operand without first consulting the policy. A sandboxed template author can therefore invoke `__toString()` on any object reachable in the render context, even when `__toString` on its class is not allowlisted. Confirmed bypass vectors: - Conditional expressions (`a ? b : c`, `a ?: b`, `a ?? b`) used as the input of a string-coercing filter or as a filter/function argument. - The `matches` operator and the loose comparison operators (`==`, `!=`, `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`, `<=>`), which coerce a `Stringable` operand to string and can be used as an oracle to recover the value byte by byte (no tag, filter or function needs to be allowlisted). - Twig tests in general (which were never policy-gated), in particular `is empty` which casts a `Stringable` value via `(string) $value` in `CoreExtension::testEmpty()`. - Null-coalesce expressions nested in concatenation, and the direct output of allowed functions or filters that return a `Stringable` object. - Arguments passed to allowed object methods, template-name expressions of template-loading tags (`include`, `extends`, `use`, ...), dynamic attribute/property names, and spread arguments from `Traversable` objects. - The `do` tag and the `..` range operator. ### Resolution The sandbox now wraps every child node that the parent will string-coerce at runtime, instead of relying on a hardcoded list of node types in `SandboxNodeVisitor`. A new `Twig\Node\CoercesChildrenToStringInterface` lets nodes declare which of their children must be guarded; core nodes (concatenation, comparison and range binaries, filter/function/test expressions, `do`, `include`, `extends`, `use`, ...) implement it. Spread arguments are materialised and policy-checked via the new `SandboxExtension::ensureSpreadAllowed()`, and dynamic attribute names are checked at runtime inside `CoreExtension::getAttribute()`. ### Credits Twig would like to thank Anthropic Glasswing and El Kharoubi Iosif for reporting the issues, and Fabien Potencier for providing the fixes.